[KIIP new book 충급 1- Level 3] 12과: 전통 명절 Traditional Korean Holidays

KIIP 3 - 12과: 전통 명절 Traditional Korean Holidays

Vocabulary (Page 156)
1.
설날 (Lunar January 1st)
Korean Lunar New Year
A traditional Korean holiday. On the morning of the first day of the lunar calendar, families and relatives gather to honor their ancestors and pay respects to the elders. People eat tteokguk (rice cake soup) and play traditional games such as Yutnori, seesaw, and kite flying.

정월 대보름 (Lunar January 15th)
Jeongwol Daeboreum (Great Full Moon Festival)
Held on the 15th day of the first lunar month, this traditional Korean holiday marks the first full moon of the year and the beginning of the farming season. Customs include drinking "ear-cleansing wine," eating five-grain rice and various nuts.

추석 (Lunar August 15th)
Chuseok (Korean Harvest Festival)
One of Korea's major holidays. On the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, families prepare food offerings for their ancestors, including early harvest fruits and songpyeon (half-moon shaped rice cakes made from newly harvested rice). People also enjoy traditional games like wrestling, rope jumping, and ganggangsullae (a traditional circle dance).

동지 (December 21st, Solar Calendar)
Winter Solstice
One of the 24 solar terms and the day with the longest night of the year, around December 21st. There is a custom of cooking and eating red bean porridge and sprinkling some on doors or walls to ward off evil spirits.

Expressions / Cultural Beliefs:

건강하게 오래 살기를 기원한다 – Wishing for long and healthy life
일 년 동안 피부병이 생기지 않는다 – To avoid skin diseases for a year
붉은색이 나쁜 것을 쫓는다 – Red color drives away bad things
일년 농사에 감사한다 – To express gratitude for the year’s harvest

가족과 친척들이 모여 윷놀이를 하다 – Families and relatives gather to play Yutnori
Yutnori: A traditional board game where teams take turns throwing wooden sticks (Yut) and moving tokens based on the results.

연날리기, 제기차기 놀이를 즐기다 – Enjoy kite flying and jegichagi (a traditional shuttlecock-kicking game)
연날리기: Kite flying
제기차기: Kicking a shuttlecock (jegichagi)

보름달을 보며 소원을 빌다 – Make wishes while looking at the full moon

햇곡식과 햇과일로 차례를 지내다 – Hold ancestral rites with freshly harvested grains and fruits
햇곡식: Newly harvested grains
햇과일: Newly harvested fruits
차례: Ancestral rite performed during Seollal (Lunar New Year) or Chuseok

Grammar (Pages 157–158)

Click on the grammar title below for details.

1. [Grammar] Verb/Adjective + -아/어도

-아/어도 indicates that the situation in the second clause occurs regardless of the action or state described in the first clause. It means ‘even if or ‘regardless whether’ in English. When the verb stem ends in ㅏ or ㅗ, -아도 is used, and when the verb stem ends in any other vowel, -어도 is used. For verbs that end in 하다, the form changes to 해도.

Examples:

라민: 선배, 공부 때문에 바쁜데 이번 추석 때 고향에 가요?
Jeong-woo, since you're busy with your studies, are you going back to your hometown this Chuseok?
정우: 그럼. 아무리 바빠도 명절에는 꼭 고향에 가야지. 부모님이 기다리시거든.
Of course. Even if I’m really busy, I must go back home for the holiday. My parents are waiting.

가: 비가 오면 이번 행사가 취소됩니까?
If it rains, will this event be canceled?
나: 아닙니다. 비가 와도 행사는 진행됩니다.
No. Even if it rains, the event will proceed.

나는 시간이 없어도 아침밥을 꼭 먹는다.
Even if I don’t have time, I always eat breakfast.

고천 씨는 몸이 아무리 아파도 수업 시간에 결석하지 않는다.
Even if Go Cheon is really sick, he never misses class.

2. [Grammar] Verb + 게 되다

-게 되다 expresses a change from one state to another or a change in a situation as a result of someone else’s action or the environment, regardless of the will of the subject. It is made by adding -게 되다 to the verb stem. It corresponds to ‘became’, ‘came to (be/do)’ and ‘has been decided’ in English.

Examples:

마리셀: 두 분은 처음에 어떻게 만나셨어요?
How did you two first meet?
김영욱: 친한 친구 소개로 만나게 됐어요.
We met through the introduction of a close friend.

가: 제이슨 씨, 왜 짐을 싸고 있어요? 이사 가요?
Jason, why are you packing? Are you moving?
나: 네. 싸고 좋은 집을 구해서 이사 가게 됐어요.
Yes. I found a cheaper and better house, so I’m moving.

장사가 안 돼서 가게 문을 닫게 되었다.
The business didn’t go well, so the store had to close.

이번에 새로운 회사에 들어가게 되어서 정말 기쁘다.
I’m really happy because I got into a new company this time.

말하기 (Page 159)

과장님: 안젤라 씨, 명절 잘 보냈어요?
Manager: Angela, did you have a good holiday?
안젤라: 네. 잘 보냈어요. 과장님도 연휴 동안 잘 지내셨어요?
Angela: Yes, I did. Did you also have a good time during the long weekend?
과장님: 고향 부모님 댁에 다녀왔어요. 아무리 바빠도 명절에는 부모님을 뵈러 가니까요. 그런데 안젤라 씨, 설날에 떡국 먹었어요?
Manager: I went to my parents’ house in my hometown. No matter how busy I am, I always go see my parents during the holidays. By the way, Angela, did you eat tteokguk on Seollal?
안젤라: 아니요. 설날에 떡국을 먹어야 해요?
Angela: No, I didn’t. Do I have to eat tteokguk on Seollal?
과장님: 그럼요. 안젤라 씨, 한국에서는 해가 바뀔 때 나이가 한 살 많아지잖아요. 그런데 한국 사람들은 설날에 떡국을 먹어야 나이가 한 살 더 많아진다고 생각하거든요.
Manager: Of course! Angela, in Korea, when the new year begins, we become one year older, right? But Koreans believe that you only gain a year when you eat tteokguk on Seollal.
안젤라: 그래요? 그래서 생일이 안 지났는데 한국 나이로는 한 살이 더 많은 거군요. 과장님 덕분에 한국 문화를 잘 알게 됐어요.
Angela: Really? So that’s why even though my birthday hasn’t come yet, I’m already a year older in Korean age. Thanks to you, I learned something new about Korean culture.

듣기 (Listening - Page 160)

앵커(남): 민족 최대의 명절, 풍요로운 한가위가 다가왔습니다. 추석 연휴를 하루 앞두고 고향 집에 가는 귀성객들이 늘어나고 있는데요. 서울역에 나가 있는 박서윤 기자 연결하겠습니다.
Anchor (Male): The biggest holiday of the nation, the bountiful Chuseok, is approaching. With just one day left before the holiday begins, the number of people heading to their hometowns is increasing. Let's connect with reporter Park Seo-yoon at Seoul Station.

기자(여):네. 저는 지금 서울역에 나와 있습니다. 보시는 것처럼 서울역은 귀성객들로 붐빕니다. 가족과 친지들을 만나러 가기 위해 기차를 기다리는 시민들이 많습니다. 미리 기차표를 사지 못해 현장에서 표를 사는 사람들도 많습니다. 아무리 힘들어도 고향 가는 발걸음은 가벼워 보입니다. 지금 여기에는 고향에서 서울로 올라오신 부모님들도 계신데요. 자녀들이 고향 가는 길이 많이 막히기 때문에 반대로 부모님들이 서울로 올라오게 된 것입니다. 특히 이번 추석은 연휴가 짧아 역귀성객이 더 많아진 것으로 보입니다. 내일은 연휴가 시작되니 기차역과 고속 도로에 더욱 사람이 몰릴 것으로 예상됩니다. KBN 뉴스 박서윤입니다.
Reporter (Female): Yes, I’m currently at Seoul Station. As you can see, it’s crowded with people heading home. Many citizens are waiting for trains to visit their families and relatives. There are also many people buying tickets on-site because they couldn’t purchase them in advance. No matter how tiring it is, the steps toward home seem light. Here, there are even some parents who came up from their hometowns to Seoul. Because the roads to the hometowns are heavily congested, the parents came up to Seoul instead. Especially this year, since the Chuseok holiday is short, there seem to be more reverse travelers than usual. As the holiday starts tomorrow, even more people are expected to crowd the train stations and highways. This is Park Seo-yoon from KBN News.

민족: nation, ethnic group
풍요롭다: to be abundant, prosperous, bountiful
한가위: Chuseok (Korean harvest festival)
다가오다: to approach, to come near
앞두다: to have something ahead, to be just before (an event)
귀성객: people returning to their hometowns (for holidays), homecoming travelers
늘어나다: to increase, to grow
붐비다: to be crowded, to be jam-packed
발걸음: step, footstep
몰리다: to rush, to swarm, to crowd into

발음:

유음화 1 (Lateralization 1)

Rule: When a final consonant (받침) ‘ㄹ’ is followed by an initial consonant ‘ㄴ’, the ‘ㄴ’ sound changes to ‘ㄹ’.
Pattern:
ㄹ + ㄴ → ㄹ + [ㄹ]

Examples:

일년 → [일련] (illyeon)
달님 → [달림] (dallim)
생일날 → [생일랄] (saeng-illal)

유음화 2 (Lateralization 2)

Rule: When a final consonant ‘ㄴ’ is followed by an initial consonant ‘ㄹ’, the ‘ㄴ’ sound changes to ‘ㄹ’.
Pattern:
ㄴ + ㄹ → [ㄹ] + ㄹ

Examples:

관리 → [괄리] (gwalli)
신랑 → [실랑] (sillang)
한라산 → [할라산] (Hallasan)

읽기 (Page 161, 162)

1.
새해 복 많이 받으십시오. 새해에도 건강하고 평안하시기 바랍니다.
I hope you stay healthy and peaceful in the new year.

근하신년!
Happy New Year! (Traditional New Year's greeting)
새해에는 뜻한 것 이루시고 가정에 행복이 가득하시길 빕니다.
May all your wishes come true in the new year and may your family be filled with happiness.

가족, 친지들과 함께 보름달처럼 넉넉하고 풍성한 한가위 보내십시오.
May you have a bountiful and plentiful Chuseok with your family and relatives, like the full moon.
넉넉하다: to be sufficient, generous
풍성하다: to be abundant, rich, plentiful

추석이 다가왔습니다. 감사와 행복이 넘치는 추석 연휴 보내시길 바랍니다.
Chuseok is approaching. I wish you a holiday full of gratitude and happiness.
넘치다: to overflow, to be full of

2.
올해에도 건강하게 지내고 공부 열심히 해라! Stay healthy and study hard this year too!
설빔을 입다: to wear traditional New Year’s clothes
새해 복 많이 받으세요!: Happy New Year!

덕담을 하다: to say well-wishing words or blessings
세배하다: to give a New Year’s bow to elders

Also Read

세뱃돈을 받다: to receive New Year’s money (New Year’s gift money)

3.
한국의 명절 - Traditional Holidays of Korea

한국의 대표적인 명절에는 설날과 추석이 있다. 설날은 음력 1월 1일이다. 설날에는 아무리 바빠도 가족들이 모두 모여서 새해 인사를 한다. 새해 인사를 할 때 아랫사람이 윗사람에게 세배를 한다. 세배를 받은 윗사람은 아랫사람에게 덕담을 해 주고, 아이들에게는 세뱃돈을 준다. 그리고 함께 떡국을 먹는다. 설날에 떡국을 먹으면 나이도 한 살 더 먹는다고 생각한다. 또한 전통적으로 가족과 친척들이 모여 윷놀이를 하거나 아이들은 연날리기, 제기차기 놀이를 즐기기도 했다.

Two of Korea’s most representative holidays are Seollal (Lunar New Year’s Day) and Chuseok (Korean Thanksgiving). Seollal falls on the first day of the lunar calendar.
On Seollal, no matter how busy people are, families gather together to exchange New Year’s greetings. During these greetings, younger people perform a deep bow called sebae to their elders.
In return, the elders give words of blessing (deokdam) and offer sebaetdon (New Year’s money) to children. Then, the family eats tteokguk (rice cake soup) together. It is believed that eating tteokguk on Seollal adds one more year to a person’s age. Traditionally, families and relatives gather to play yutnori, and children enjoy kite flying or playing jegichagi (a traditional Korean game similar to hacky sack).

인사하다: to greet, to offer well wishes
아랫사람: junior, someone of lower status or younger
윗사람: senior, someone of higher status or older
세배하다: to perform a New Year’s bow (traditional bow to elders)
덕담: words of blessing, good wishes
세뱃돈: New Year’s money (gifted money after a New Year’s bow)
또한: also, in addition
친척: relatives, extended family
윷놀이: Yut game (a traditional Korean board game)
연날리기: kite flying
제기차기: jegichagi (a traditional Korean game similar to hacky sack)

한국의 또 다른 큰 명절인 추석은 음력 8월 15일로 한가위라고도 한다. 추석에는 조상에게 차례를 지낸다. 그 해에 처음으로 얻은 햇곡식과 햇과일을 준비해서 조상에게 감사하는 마음을 표현하는 것이다. 그리고 추석에는 송편을 빚어서 먹는데 송편을 예쁘게 빚으면 예쁜 아이를 낳는다는 말도 전해지고 있다. 또한 전통적으로 추석 밤에는 보름달을 바라보면서 소원을 빌었다. 그런데 시대가 바뀌면서 현대의 명절 모습은 예전과 많이 달라졌다. 진적이나 아는 사람들을 직접 찾아가는 대신에 명절 인사를 문자 메시지로 보낸다. 그리고 가족들이 함께 여행을 가기도 하고 개인적인 시간을 보내기도 한다. 요즘은 오랜만에 가족이 모인다는 의미와 일상에서 휴식한다는 의미가 더 커지게 되었다.

Another major traditional holiday in Korea is Chuseok, which falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month and is also called Hangawi. During Chuseok, families perform ancestral rites called charye. They prepare freshly harvested grains and fruits of the year to express gratitude to their ancestors. People also make and eat songpyeon (half-moon-shaped rice cakes), and there is a saying that if you make beautiful songpyeon, you will have beautiful children. Traditionally, on Chuseok night, people would look at the full moon and make wishes. However, as times have changed, the way holidays are celebrated today has become quite different from the past. Instead of visiting relatives or acquaintances in person, people now often send holiday greetings via text messages. Families may travel together or spend time individually. These days, the holidays have come to be more about reuniting with family after a long time and taking a break from everyday life.

한가위: Chuseok, Korean Harvest Festival (Mid-Autumn Festival, 15th day of the 8th lunar month)
추석: Chuseok, Korean Thanksgiving (Mid-Autumn Festival)
조상: ancestors
차례를 지내다: to perform ancestral rites
그 해: that year
얻다: to obtain, to harvest
햇곡식: newly harvested grains
햇과일: newly harvested fruits
송편: Songpyeon, a type of half-moon shaped rice cake filled with ingredients like red beans, soybeans, or sesame seeds, steamed over pine needles
빚다: to shape/knead (rice cake)
낳다: to give birth
전해지다: to be passed down, to be handed down (orally)
보름달: full moon
바라보다: to look at, to gaze
소원을 빌다: to make a wish
예전: old days, the past
진적: relatives (archaic or dialect – standard form: 친척)
찾아가다: to visit (someone)
일상: daily life
커지다: to grow bigger, to increase

문화와 정보 (Page 164)

강릉 단오제 Gangneung Danoje Festival

한국의 4대 명절은 설날, 한식, 단오, 추석이다. 그중에서 단오는 음력 5월 5일로 1년 중에서 만물의 기운이 가장 강한 날이다. 그래서 만물에서 나는 것으로 음식을 만들어 먹고 창포물에 머리를 감는 풍습이 있었으며 남자들은 씨름을 하고 여자들은 그네를 탔다.

강릉 단오제는 강릉 지역에서 단오 때 행해 온 축제로 한국의 단오 축제 중에서 가장 유명하다. 규모도 크고 내용도 다양하여 한국을 대표하는 축제이자 민속놀이로 널리 알려져 2005년에 유네스코 세계 무형 유산이 되었다. 이에 따라 강릉 단오제는 온 지역 주민들이 하나가 되는 축제이면서 세계가 함께 지켜야 할 문화재로서의 의미를 갖게 되었다.

한국에서는 예로부터 마을 공동체의 신앙을 바탕으로 풍년과 지역의 안전을 기원하였다. 현재 강릉 단오제에서도 매년 풍요를 바라는 제사와 공연을 올리고 참가자들을 위한 여러 행사도 진행하고 있다.

The Four Major Traditional Holidays of Korea are Seollal (Lunar New Year), Hansik (Cold Food Day), Dano (Dano Festival), and Chuseok (Korean Thanksgiving). Among them, Dano, which falls on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, is considered the day when the energy of all things in the universe is at its strongest. On this day, people traditionally made food using ingredients from nature and washed their hair with changpo water (sweet flag water). Men engaged in ssireum (Korean wrestling), and women enjoyed swing rides.

The Gangneung Danoje Festival is a celebration held in the Gangneung region during Dano and is the most famous of all Dano festivals in Korea. Due to its large scale and diverse programs, it is considered a representative Korean festival and folk event. It became a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2005. As a result, Gangneung Danoje has come to symbolize not only a festival that unites the entire local community but also a cultural heritage that must be preserved by the global community.

Since ancient times, Koreans have prayed for good harvests and the safety of their regions based on village-based communal beliefs. Even today, Gangneung Danoje features annual rituals and performances to pray for abundance, along with various events for participants.

- Dano (단오): Dano Festival or Korean Double Fifth Festival
A traditional Korean holiday celebrated on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, during which women wash their hair in changpo (sweet flag) water and play on swings, while men engage in ssireum (traditional wrestling).

The suffix “-je (제)” means ritual, festival, or ceremony.

- 한식 (Hansik): Hansik, Cold Food Day
A Korean holiday observed on the 105th day after the winter solstice, around April 6. On this day, Koreans visit ancestral graves, clean them, and perform memorial rituals.
- 기운 (Giun): Energy or atmosphere
A force or vibe that is not visible but can be felt, like vitality or spiritual energy.
- 만물 (Manmul): All things, everything in nature
Refers to everything that exists in the universe.
- 강하다 (Ganghada): To be strong
- 창포물 (Changpo-mul): Water infused with sweet flag herb (changpo)
Used by women to wash their hair, believed to bring shiny hair and good health.
- 머리 감다 (Meori gamda): To wash one’s hair
- 풍습 (Pungsup): Customs or traditional practices
- 씨름 (Ssireum): Korean traditional wrestling
- 그네를 타다 (Geunereul tada): To ride a swing
- 행하다 (Haenghada): To conduct, perform, or carry out
- 유명하다 (Yumyeonghada): To be famous
- 민속놀이 (Minsoknori): Folk games or traditional play
- 널리 (Neolli): Widely, broadly
- 유네스코 (UNESCO): United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
- 무형 유산 (Muhyeong yusan): Intangible cultural heritage
- 의미를 갖다 (Uimirul gatda): To hold meaning, to be meaningful
- 신앙 (Sinang): Religious faith or belief system
- 바탕 (Batang): Foundation, basis
- 풍년 (Pungnyeon): A year of good harvest
- 풍요 (Pungyo): Abundance, richness
- 제사 (Jesaa): Ancestral ritual
- 올리다 (Ollida): To offer up, raise, present (in the context of rituals or ceremonies)
- 진행하다 (Jinhaenghada): To proceed, to carry out

Vocabulary

□ 설날: Lunar New Year
A Korean holiday where families and relatives gather on the morning of January 1st by the lunar calendar to honor ancestors and pay respects to elders. People eat tteokguk (rice cake soup) and play traditional games such as Yutnori, seesaw, kite flying, etc.

□ 정월 대보름: First Full Moon Festival
On the 15th day of the first lunar month, it is considered the brightest full moon and symbolizes the beginning of farming activities. People traditionally drink "ear-cleansing wine," eat five-grain rice and various nuts.

□ 추석: Chuseok (Korean Harvest Festival)
One of Korea’s major traditional holidays, held on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. People prepare food offerings for their ancestors using freshly harvested fruits and make Songpyeon (rice cakes). Traditional games like wrestling, rope jumping, and ganggangsullae (circle dance) are also enjoyed.

□ 동지: Winter Solstice
One of the 24 solar terms, it’s the longest night of the year, usually around December 21. There’s a tradition of eating red bean porridge and spreading some on doors or walls to ward off evil spirits.

□ 음력: Lunar calendar
□ 부럼: Hard-shelled nuts
□ 팥죽: Red bean porridge
□ 송편: Songpyeon (half-moon-shaped rice cake steamed on pine needles, filled with red beans, soybeans, or sesame seeds)
□ 떡국: Tteokguk (rice cake soup)
□ 기원하다: To pray for, to wish for
□ 피부병: Skin disease
□ 생기다: To occur, to arise
□ 붉은색: Red color
□ 쫓다: To chase away
□ 가족과 친척들이 모여 윷놀이를 하다: Families and relatives gather to play Yutnori
□ 연날리기, 제기차기 놀이를 즐기다: Enjoy playing kite flying and jegichagi (Korean hacky sack)
□ 보름달을 보며 소원을 빌다: Make a wish while looking at the full moon
□ 햇곡식과 햇과일로 차례를 지내다: Hold ancestral rites using newly harvested grains and fruits

□ 풍습: Custom, tradition
□ 한가위: Hangawi (another name for Chuseok)
□ 황금연휴: Golden holiday (long public holiday period)
□ 귀성 전쟁: Homecoming traffic battle
□ 귀성객: Homecoming travelers
□ 고속도로: Expressway
□ 붐비다: To be crowded, packed
□ 근하신년: Happy New Year
□ 가득하다: To be full, overflowing
□ 빌다: To wish, to pray
□ 친지들: Relatives
□ 보름달: Full moon
□ 넉넉하다: Sufficient, ample
□ 풍성하다: Abundant, rich
□ 덕담을 하다: To say good wishes, to give blessings
□ 세배하다: To perform a New Year’s bow
□ 설빔을 입다: To wear traditional New Year’s clothes
□ 세뱃돈을 받다: To receive New Year’s money