[Basic Korean Grammar] 있다: to exist/ be, to have

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개가 의자 위에 있어요.
(= 개가 의자 위에 있습니다.)
There’s a dog on the chair.

우리 집이 신촌에 있어요.
(= 우리 집이 신촌에 있습니다.)
Our house is in Sinchon.

남자 친구가 있어요.
(= 남자 친구가 있습니다.)
I have a boyfriend.

Usages:
1. Expresses the existence or location of something and means ‘to be located in/on, in English. Although 있다 is typically used in the form of ‘N이/가 N(place)에 있다', the order of the subject and place in the sentence can be changed with no change in meaning: ‘N(place)에 N이/가 있다.’ 
- N이/가 N(place)에 있다 = N(place)에 N이/가 있다
- The opposite of 있다 is 없다. 
- When ‘N에 있다’ expresses a place, the following location nouns can be used: 
앞, 뒤, 위,아래 (= 밑), 옆 (오른쪽,왼쪽), 가운데, 사이, 안,밖




① 책상 위에 컴퓨터가 있어요. 
The computer is on the desk.
② 책상 아래 (= 책상 밑에) 구두가 있어요. 
The shoes are under the desk.
③ 책상 앞에 의자가 있어요.
The chair is in front of the desk.
④ 책상 뒤에 책장이 있어요.
The bookshelf is behind the desk.
⑤ 책상 옆에 화분하고 옷걸이가 있어요.
The plant and coat hanger are beside the desk.
6. 책상 왼쪽에 화분이 있어요.
The plant is to the left of the desk.
⑦ 책상 오른쪽에 옷걸이가 있어요.
The coat hanger is to the right of the desk.
8. 화분과 옷걸이 사이에 책상이 있어요.
The desk is between the plant and the coat hanger.
9. 책상 가운데에 인형이 있어요.
The teddy bear is on the desk.
10. 집 안에 강아지가 있어요.
The dog is inside the house.
⑪ 집 밖에 고양이가 있어요.
The cat is outside the house.

2. 있다 is also used in the form ‘N이/가 있다’ to express possession, meaning ‘to have’ in English. The opposite of 있다 is 없다.
• 나는 언니 있어요. 동생 없어요.
I have an older sister. I don’t have a younger sibling.
• 자전거 있어요. 차가 없어요.
I have a bicycle. I don’t have a car.

A 책이 어디에 있어요? Where is the book?
B 가방 안에 있어요. It’s in my bag.

A 은행이 어디에 있어요? Where is the bank?
B 학교 옆에 있어요. It’s next to the school.

A 힌국 친구가 있어요? Do you have any Korean friends?
B 네, 한국 친구가 있어요. Yes, I have Korean friends.

A 컴퓨터가 있어요? Do you have a computer?
B 네, 있어요. Yes, I have one.

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